Isotoon

AP Biology study help, unit by unit

Isotoon helps with AP Biology by turning the process you are stuck on, from enzyme activity to gene regulation, into a short animated video you can watch step by step. Pick your unit below, ask the question in your own words, and rewatch it on a spaced schedule before the exam.

Ask your own

AP Biology, unit by unit

  1. Unit 1: Chemistry of Life

    Water and its properties, the elements of life, and the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.

  2. Unit 2: Cell Structure and Function

    Organelles and how they work together, surface area to volume, membrane structure, and transport across the membrane, including osmosis and tonicity.

  3. Unit 3: Cellular Energetics

    Enzymes and what changes their rate, then how photosynthesis captures energy and cellular respiration releases it as ATP.

    Read: Cellular respiration
  4. Unit 4: Cell Communication and Cell Cycle

    How cells signal each other through receptors and transduction pathways, feedback, and how the cell cycle is regulated and what happens when it fails.

  5. Unit 5: Heredity

    Meiosis and genetic diversity, Mendelian genetics, and patterns that do not follow Mendel, such as linked genes and sex-linked traits.

    2D video · 32 seconds

    How is meiosis different from mitosis?

    Follows one cell down two paths: mitosis makes two identical diploid copies (2n to 2n), while in meiosis homologous chromosomes pair up and cross over, the pairs split in meiosis I, and the cell ends as four genetically unique haploid gametes (2n to n).

    Scenes, in order:

    1. Same cell, two fates
    2. Mitosis: perfect copies
    3. Partners pair up
    4. Pairs split, not copies
    5. Four unique gametes
    Read: Meiosis vs mitosis
  6. Unit 6: Gene Expression and Regulation

    DNA and RNA structure, replication, transcription and translation, how genes are switched on and off, mutations, and biotechnology.

    3D model · 12 seconds · no sound

    How does DNA copy itself?

    A recording of a 3D scene of DNA replication: the double helix, its 5′ and 3′ ends marked, turns as helicase and topoisomerase arrive at the replication fork and the parent strands are pulled apart, then primase lands on each separated strand.

    Labeled in the scene:

    • Parent strand
    • Helicase
    • Topoisomerase
    • Primase
    Read: DNA replication
  7. Unit 7: Natural Selection

    How populations evolve through natural selection and other mechanisms, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, evidence for evolution, phylogeny and speciation.

  8. Unit 8: Ecology

    How organisms respond to their environment, energy flow through ecosystems, population and community ecology, biodiversity and disruptions to ecosystems.

How to use it during the year and before the exam

AP Biology rewards understanding a process well enough to predict what happens when one part changes. So the order matters: first get the idea, then test it on real questions, then keep it.

  1. When a process does not click in class, ask about it in your own words and watch it move. Units 3 and 6 are where most students need this first: see cellular respiration, photosynthesis and how a gene becomes a protein.
  2. Then practice with released free-response questions from the College Board. Write the answer, then check it against the scoring guidelines.
  3. Rewatch each video 1, 3, 7, 14 and 30 days after you made it. Your notebook lists them on that schedule, so review in April is short instead of a full relearn.

For a full plan, read how to study for AP Biology and how to study for exams without forgetting.

What the exam asks you to do

The AP Biology exam tests more than recall. You are asked to explain a process, read a graph or data table, design or critique an experiment, and predict what happens when part of a system is disrupted. A question about a mutated enzyme or a blocked membrane channel is really asking whether you know the normal process well enough to change one step. Check the College Board course page for the current format.

Where students get stuck

  • Meiosis versus mitosis, especially what happens to chromosome number and why crossing over matters. Start with meiosis vs mitosis.
  • Following electrons and protons through respiration and photosynthesis instead of memorizing inputs and outputs.
  • Replication, transcription and translation running together into one blur. DNA replication is easier as a 3D model you can turn.
  • Experimental design questions: naming the independent variable, the control and what a result would mean.

What Isotoon does and does not do

Isotoon explains ideas. You type a question and get a short narrated video, with every factual claim checked and its sources listed. It is not a practice-test bank and it does not grade your free-response answers, so pair it with released College Board questions. More on the subject is on the biology page and in exam prep.

Questions

Is Isotoon affiliated with the College Board?
No. AP is a trademark registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with and does not endorse Isotoon.
Does Isotoon cover all eight AP Biology units?
Yes. You can ask about any idea in any unit in your own words. The questions on this page are examples, not a limit.
Can I see a model in 3D instead of a flat video?
On the Pro plan you can open 3D interactives, such as a DNA replication fork you can turn, step through and tap, with notes for each step.
Does Isotoon have AP Biology practice tests?
No. Isotoon explains ideas with short videos. For practice, use the released free-response questions and scoring guidelines the College Board publishes.

AP is a trademark registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse, Isotoon. Check the College Board’s course page for the current units and exam format.